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Sunday, August 22, 2021

August 23 2021 IONM & Neurophysiology, Neurosurgery Related Articles of Interest!.

Median nerve SSEPs waves N20-P25 amplitudes were increased in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, suggested to be associated with Survival in ALS cases!?. 

A total of 145 patients with ALS and 57 healthy subjects were studied. We recorded the median nerve SEP and measured the onset-to-peak amplitude of N20 (N20o-p), and peak-to-peak amplitude between N20 and P25 (N20p-P25p). We obtained early and late HFO potentials by filtering SEP between 500 and 1 kHz, and measured the peak-to-peak amplitude. We followed up patients until endpoints (death or tracheostomy) and analyzed the relationship between SEP or HFO amplitudes and survival using a Cox analysis.

Bulbocavernex reflex? stimulus response curve used to assess spinal reflex in bladder filling condition, wherein Amplification of reflex is associated with bladder filling, in Upper motor neuron lesions such a Sacral spinal reflex is amplified.

 Thirty subjects with upper motor neuron lesions (UMN) and nine controls were included in this prospective, monocentric study. Sacral spinal excitability was assessed using stimulus-response curves of the BC

 Latest Neurophysiology In Neurosurgery book, renewed Edition:
Cover for Neurophysiology in Neurosurgery

The purpose of this book is to describe the integration of neuromonitoring with surgical procedures. Each methodology is discussed in detail as well as chapters describing how those methodologies are applied to multiple surgical procedures and the evidence used to support those uses.

NEP, what is NEP potentials: Early Nociceptive Evoked potentials, these are recorded at C3'-Fz and Cz-Au1 in response to a stimulus placed on dorsum of right hand, where Adelta fibers that respond to mechanical stimulus!. Check out the three different Nociceptivr fibers diagram below (image courtesy online). Repeated Stimulation of Ad fibers with at the rate of .83/sec 250-500 averages -N40 wave form occurred at 40ms on contralateral scalp recording electrode site.Authors conclude the N40 as early response and as per the paper, their result is the first of its kind to record early response to A d nociceptive fiber stimulation.

Can you diagnose Dilirium using cEEG?,  Yes ofcourse. What is cEEG, oh well, it is done in "Critical Care Units" contineous EEG Monitoring and automatic storage for analysis!, it is done in 102 patients, septic patients in critical care, about 1252 cEEG blocks were monitored visually, about 805 blocks were analayzed automatically?. Results and conclusion appear to promote more automatic recording analysis, which is not much different than the visual as per their percentage difference!. As a Neurophysiologist, I personally find it odd to rely on machines, human observation and analysis is more important, one can supplement it with automated data, that is my conclusion contrary to this report.

Electrical epidural stimulation of the cervical spinal cord: implications for spinal respiratory neuroplasticity after spinal cord injury, this work discusses Electrical Epidural Stimulation (EES) of spinal cord at the lumbosacral area to promote loctomotor function following Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord injuries (cSCI). The reality of SCI is the damage to bulbospinal pathway, thereby creating debilitating respiratory neurons failure to elicit response, and therby respiratory failure quite a life threatening condition, if one can use epidural stimulation of lumbosacral spinal cord to promote locomotor neural plasticity that would be benefitial to the injured and to enable some movements (neural plasticity, or regeneration, huge topic in itself, someday I will review it?). This is not a well developed surgical procedure or stimulation paradigm yet, the authors are working around phrenic motor neurons and improvising the EES stim methods, Interesting work considering the implication in critical care patients recovery.

Saturday, April 10, 2021

Intraoperative NeuroMonitoring, some recent articles of interest!?.

Intraoperative subcortico-cortical evoked potentials of the visual pathway under general anesthesia

Cognitive Evoked Potential (P300)

Post-Concussion Syndrome after a Mine Blast Injury: Neuropsychological Consequences and Changes of the Cognitive Evoked Potentials (P 300)

 EMG & EEG

Nasopharyngeal electrodes in temporal lobe epilepsy: A reappraisal of their diagnostic utility

Evoked Potentials

Improving intraoperative evoked potentials at short latency by a novel neuro-stimulation technology with delayed return discharge

aEEG

Ambulatory EEG Monitoring, Reviewing, and Interpreting

"Sensory Processes": Smell, Vision, Taste, Hearing and Touch Receptors and information processing

Brief Reviews on all the sensory processes, a good read!. It is not extensive but for college students and graduate level neuroscience and neurophysiology studies, a good reading material.

Sensory Processes | Boundless Psychology (lumenlearning.com)

The Nose and Nasal Cavity

Olfactory sensitivity is directly proportional to spatial area in the nose—specifically the olfactory epithelium, which is where odorant reception occurs. The area in the nasal cavity near the septum is reserved for the olfactory mucous membrane, where olfactory receptor cells are located. This area is a dime-sized region called the olfactory mucosa. In humans, there are about 10 million olfactory cells, each of which has 350 different receptor types composing the mucous membrane. Each of the 350 receptor types is characteristic of only one odorant type. Each functions using cilia, small hair-like projections that contain olfactory receptor proteins. These proteins carry out the transduction of odorants into electrical signals for neural processing.

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Special Reviews on Cancer Cell Biology, JCB!

An interesting special reviews edition on Cellular mechanism of Cancer has been published by JCB. This reviews collection provides the most updated research reports and experimental results on cancer that can be of interest to researchers, pharma companies and clinicians. 
"Special Collection of Reviews on Cancer Cell Biology". 
Special Collection Image

We are pleased to present this collection of reviews on the cell biology of cancer. Basic science provides the foundation for progress in cancer biology, and we are delighted to highlight reviews discussing fundamental cell biological discoveries and how these latest advances can be harnessed therapeutically for translational development. Learn about the cellular mechanisms protecting genome stability at sites of stalled DNA replication. 

Read about the relationship between signaling and endocytosis in cancer, and how this can enhance cancer cell survival, migration, and proliferation. 

Tumor tissues exhibit altered mechanical properties\
Here is: Link and further details.

Wednesday, August 23, 2017

Whole Brain Atlas: This Online Whole Brain Atlas is a Treat for Advanced Clinicians and Researchers

Brain Structure and Anatomy:- 
The whole brain atlas created or compiled by two Harvard MDs Keith and Alex is a great collection of various brain areas or for that matter all levels and depths of whole brain.
From Whole Brain Atlas
Their digital work took me back to my graduate days, where at numerous occasions made cumbersome brain sections, whole brain sections, meticulous works through whole night or some time it ran through days of non stop brain sectioning, those were either fresh or fixed brains. What you will experience here on their collection is advanced imaging graphic presentation. Nevertheless the experience is reminiscent of my days in the research lab looking at Cross/Sagital or sections of brain as well as other planes through the entire brain.


The Whole Brain Atlas
Here are couple of Scnshots from their site:

Their work and data is a must visit for advanced Neurophysiologists, Radiologists and all the spine, neck and brain surgeons, besides medical students planning to specialize in Brain and Spine. Here is the Link:Website/Url. 

This digital wealth of information of whole brain structure and anatomy is a comprehensive work using various imaging such as MRI, CT and SPECT besides other anatomical tracing techniques put together to reveal the entire brain, along with images there are also videos such as video of the "Circle of Willis" and various vascular structures supplying brain areas, as I traveled through their site, it was like feasting euphorically!.

As you browse through the contents, there is so much to add besides whole brain atlas, the images revealing abnormal brain areas in various neurodegenerative/neurological disease is something clinicians can benefit a lot.
More updates after I review the whole site.....!!